Galleries

Fighter, Projects

Messerschmitt Me P.1101A-1 with Kramer X-4 missiles (Dragon)

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TYPE: Fighter, interceptor. Project.

ACCOMMODATION: Pilot only

POWER PLANT: Heinkel-Hirth HeS 011, rated at 1,300 kp

PERFORMANCE: 612 mph at 22,970 ft

COMMENT: However, there is some evidence that a further production version of the Me P.1101 was on Messerschmitt’s drawing boards. All over dimensions, turbojet engines, tricycle undercarriage etc. are unchanged to its predecessor, the wing was swept back to 40 degree and a normal or horizontal tail unit – “T-Tail” was provided. Cockpit armor was fitted and up to four Kramer X-4 air-to-air guided missiles could be carried.

RUHRSTAHL/KRAMER X-4

The Kramer X-4 was the first air-to-air guided missile that entered the production lines. It featured a tapering, cigar-shaped fuselage, with four small swept wings and four smaller tail fins. At the ends of two of the opposing wings were small pods which held the wires that unwound during the X-4’s flight. On the wing tips of the other two main wings were simple flares to aid the pilot in keeping the X-4 on the intended path. The tail unit contained small spoilers which could control the missiles pitch and yaw. Power was supplied by the BMW 109-548 liquid-fuel rocket engine with 1,600 kp thrust for 33 seconds. A warhead weighing 20 with a destructive blast radius of 25 feet was mounted in the nose of the missile, being detonated by the pilot, impact or by an acoustical proximity fuse, tuned to the pitch of the bomber’s propellers. First air launched test took place on August, 1944 by a Focke-Wulf  Fw 190. Tests continued through early February 1945, also by Junkers Ju 88s as well as by a Messerschmitt  Me 262 jet fighter with two X-4 missiles under the wings outboard of the jet nacelle, but were not launched  (Ref.: 16).

Fighter, Fighterbomber

Republic XP-47H Thunderbolt (Airmodel, Vacuformed, Parts from Matchbox, Pavla, and scratch built)

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TYPE: Fighter, fighter bomber

ACCOMMODATION: Pilot only

POWER PLANT: One Chrysler XI-2220-11 inverted-Vee in-line engine, rated at 2,500 hp

PERFORMANCE: 414 mph

COMMENT: While the production of the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt had been emerging in ever-mounting quantities, Republic’s engineers had been investigating other ways in which the Thunderbolt could be improved. Two P-47D-15-RAs were assigned for testing the Chrysler XI-2220 engine, a 16 cylinder inverted-Vee liquid-cooled unit which transmitted its power to a propeller shaft by way of gears located midway along the crankshaft. The design was such as to produce an extremely finely-streamlined cowling of low frontal area, despite the engine’s ability to produce 2,500 hp. The converted aircraft were designated Republic XP-47H and remembered to a pre-war project, the Republic XP-69. Extensive redesign of the P-47 airframe was necessary to install the XI-2220-11 engine, with which was associated a General Electric CH-5 single-stage turbosupercharger in a modified installation in the rear fuselage. The first flight was not made until July 1945 and in one of the 27 flights a top speed of 414 mph had been recorded. The second XP-47H flew briefly after the war ended (Ref.: 9).

Fighter, Projects

Messerschmitt Me. P.1101A-0 (Huma)

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TYPE: Fighter, interceptor. Project

ACCOMMODATION: Pilot only

POWER PLANT: One Heinkel-Hirth HeS 011 turbojet engine, rated at 1,300 kp

PERFORMANCE: 550 mph at 23,000 ft

COMMENT: Although the Messerschmitt Me P.1101 was from the onset designed as an experimental aircraft different production versions were planned, too. One design was very similar to the Me P.1101 V1 as far as all over dimensions, turbojet engines, tricycle undercarriage etc. are concerned, but the wing was in a fixed position at 40 degree and a horizontal tail unit – “T-Tail” was provided. The unconditional surrender of Germany brought all further work on this exceptional aircraft to an end (Ref.: 16).

Fighter, Fighterbomber

Republic XP-47J Thunderbolt (Matchbox, Parts from Pavla, Parts scratch-built)

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TYPE: Fighter, fighter bomber

ACCOMMODATION: Pilot only

POWER PLANT: One Pratt & Whitney R-2800-57 Double Wasp radial engine plus one General Electric CH-5 turbosupercharger, rated at 2,800 hp at 32,500 ft

PERFORMANCE: 505 mph at 34,500 ft

COMMENT: In 1942 studies made by Republic culminated in proposals for a “lightweight” P-47 with an improved engine installation. Construction of two prototypes was authorized, but within a few weeks it became clear to Republic and the USAAF that the more radical development of the P-47 powered by a 3,000 hp Pratt & Whitney R-4300 Wasp Major, than proceeding as the Republic P-72 held greater promise than the P-47J within a similar timescale, and work on the latter project was limited to a single XP-47J. This sole prototype had a lightened wing structure, a more powerful variant of the R-2800 radial engine, driving a four-bladed propeller with a large spinner and a fan to assist the flow of cooling air through a narrow annulus around the spinner. A separate intake scoop beneath and behind the engine cowling provided air for the General Electric CH-5 supercharger in the rear fuselage. The first flight was made in November 1943, and on August 1944 a speed of 505 mph was recorded, at 34,450 ft. This was the highest known speed achieved up to that time in level flight by a propeller driven aircraft and established the XP-47J as one of the few such aircraft to have broken through the 500-mph “barrier” (Lit.: 9).

Fighter, Projects

Messerschmitt Me P.1079/13 (Unicraft, Resin)

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TYPE: Fighter, interceptor. Project

ACCOMMODATION: Pilot only

POWER PLANT: Two Lorin ramjets, rated at 900 kp each

PERFORMANCE: No data available

COMMENT: The P.1079/13 was one of several Messerschmitt designs to meet the Luftwaffe’s late-War request for a small, cheap, single-seat target-defense interceptor. This design included two wing-mounted Lorin ramjets or conventional turbojet engines. For take-off a trolley-launch system was provided and solid fuel rockets were used for acceleration until the ramjets will work. After mission the aircraft landed on a skid. No further details are known.

Fighter, Projects

Mitsubishi J4M-2 Senden-Kai (Unicraft, Resin)

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TYPE: Fighter. Project

ACCOMMODATION: Pilot only

POWER PLANT: One Ishikawajima Ne-230 axial-flow turbojet engine, rated at 885 kp thrust

PERFORMANCE: Data not available

COMMENT: The availability of more sophisticated turbojet engines in the closing stage of the Pacific War brought the Japanese aircraft industry to plans to design completely new turbojet fighters, such as Nakajima Kikka, Nakajima Ki-201 Karyu (Fire Dragon), and Rikugun Ki-202,  or to provide newest piston engine designs with turbojets. Examples are the conversion of the Kyushu J7W1 Sinden (Magnificent Lightning) into the Kyushu J7W2 with one Ishikawajima Ne-130 turbojet engine, the Yokosuka R2Y1 Keiun (Beautiful Cloud) with two Ishikawajima Ne-330 turbo jet engines, and Mitsubishi J4M-1 Senden (Flashing Lightning). This twin-boom fighter project, powered by a Mitsubishi MK9D radial engine, driving a six-blade pusher propeller was redesigned to a much smaller aircraft, also in twin-boom configuration, but powered by one Ishikawajima Ne-230 axial-flow turbojet engine, that was expected to give 885 kp thrust. But the end of the hostilities brought all work on this Mitsubishi J4M-2 Senden-Kai project to a halt.

Fighter, Projects

Messerschmitt Me P.1101/13 (Unicraft, Resin)

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TYPE: Fighter. Project

ACCOMMODATION: Pilot only

POWER PLANT: One Heinkel-Hirth HeS 011 tubojet engines, rated at 1,300 kp

PERFORMANCE: 652 mph at 19,658 ft

COMMENT: On July 15, 1944, the RLM submitted Proposal 226/II to Germany’s aircraft manufacturers. This “Emergency Fighter Competition” specified the following requirements for the second-generation of jet-powered fighters: powered by a single Heinkel-Hirth He S 011 turbojet, maximum speed of 621 mph at 22,966 feet, fuel capacity 30 minutes of sea level flying time, altitudes up to 45,931 ft, four MK 108 30mm cannon, and pressurized cockpit. Immediately Messerschmitt began to design the project Me P.1101 and nine days later the first blueprints were on the drawing board. The fuselage was short and wide, the cockpit was forward mounted, with the canopy integrated into the fuselage and forming part of the rounded nose of the aircraft. Two round air intakes on either side of the cockpit fed the single Heinkel-Hirth turbojet engine which was located in the lower rear fuselage. Mid-mounted wings had an inner sweep of 40 degree near the fuselage, and a shallower 26 degree outboard. The high tail was of a butterfly configuration, and was mounted on a tapered boom which extended over and past the jet exhaust. A tricycle landing gear was provided and the main armament of four cannon was located in the lower forward fuselage sides. Already on August 30, 1944, a new design was proposed, basically similar to the Me P.1101/13, but sleeker and a more pointed nose. The wing was “borrowed” from the Me 262 outer wing, was swept back at 40 degrees, and a V-tail was also to be fitted. As early as November 1944 the initial design phase of the final variant was started and simultaneously the construction of a prototype began resulting in the Messerschmitt Me P.1101 V1 (Ref.: 16).

Fighter

Kawasaki Ki-78 (Planet, Resin)

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TYPE: High-speed research aircraft

ACCOMMODATION: Pilot only

POWER PLANT: One Daimler-Benz DB 601A liquid-cooled piston engine, rated at 1,155 hp with Water/Methanol injection                  

PERFORMANCE: 435 mph at 11,500 ft

COMMENT: The Ki-78, designed at the Aeronautical Research Institute and built at Kawasaki Kokuki Kogyo K.K. to investigate flying behaviour at very high speed, featured a streamlined minimum cross-section fuselage fitted with a licence-built Daimler-Benz DB 601A engine. For short duration power boost methanol/water injection was used, and cooling was improved by a 60 hp turbine driven cooling fan for the radiators. By the outbreak of the war, the whole project was taken over by the Imperial Japanese Army who gave it the military type designation Ki-78. Kawasaki received the order to build two prototypes of the Ki-78, construction of which was started in September 1941. The first prototype was completed more than a year later and was flown for the first time on 26 December 1942. A feasibility study to improve the KI-78 flight performance showed that extensive airframe modifications were needed and consequently the project was officially terminated after the 32nd flight on 11 January 1944; the second Ki-78 was never completed (Ref.: 23).

Fighter

Messerschmitt Me P.1101 V1 (Huma)

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TYPE: Fighter

ACCOMMODATION: Pilot only

POWER PLANT: One Heinkel-Hirth HeS 011A turbojet engine, rated at 1,300 kp

PERFORMANCE: 612 mph at 22,970 ft

COMMENT: In July 1944 the RLM released specification for second generation of jet fighters in context with the Emergency Fighter Program (Jäger-Notprogramm). Subsequently the Messerschmitt Company proposed a project designated Me P.1101. The initial design (Me P.1101/XIII)  had a short and wide fuselage, tricycle landing gear, and mid-mounted wings with an inner sweep of 40 degree near the fuselage, and a shallower 26 degree outboard. The single HeS 011 jet engine was to be mounted internally within the fuselage, being aspirated by two rounded intakes located on either side of the cockpit. The high tail was of a V configuration, and mounted on a tapered boom which extended over and past the jet exhaust, while the cockpit was forward mounted, with the canopy integrated into the fuselage and forming part of the rounded nose of the aircraft. This design was further developed, including a longer nose, and after the wind tunnel testing of a number of wing and fuselage profiles, the decision was made to undertake the construction of a full-scale test aircraft. This finalized design and associated test data were submitted to the Construction Bureau on 10 November 1944 and the selection of production materials was begun on 4 December 1944. In February 1945, the RLM settled on a competing design, the Focke-Wulf Ta 183, as the winner of the Emergency Fighter Program. Since considerable work had already been done on the P.1101 design, the RLM decided to continue reduced funding in order for Messerschmitt to carry out experimental flights testing the swept back wing at anticipated speeds up to Mach 1. The worsening war situation led to the expedited, but risky, approach of building a full-scale prototype in parallel with detail construction and continuing statistical calculation, while existing components such as the wings of the Messerschmitt Me 262, landing gear, based on that of the Messerschmitt Bf 109, and flight components were utilized where feasible. It was also intended for the test flights to be conducted with 35, 40, and 45 degree wing sweep. Production of the V1 prototype was begun at Messerschmitt’s Bavarian Oberammergau Complex with a projected first flight in June 1945. By the time an American infantry unit discovered the Oberammergau complex on 29 April 1945, the V1 prototype was approximately 80% complete. Wings were not yet attached and appear to have never had skinning applied to their undersides. The airframe was removed from the nearby tunnel in which it was hidden and all associated documents were seized. Later the prototype was shipped to the United States, first to Wright Patterson AFB, then in 1948 to the Bell Aircraft Works. Damage ruled out any possibility for repair although some of the Me P.1101’s design features were subsequently used by Bell as the basis for the Bell X-5, which was the first aircraft capable of varying its wing geometry while in flight (Ref.: 23).

Fighter

Kawasaki Ki-60 (Airmodel, Resin)

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TYPE: Interceptor fighter

ACCOMODATION: Pilot only

POWER PLANT: : One Daimler-Benz DB 601 liquid-cooled inverted V-12 engine, rated at 1,175 hp

PERFORMANCE: 348 mph at 14,800 ft

COMMENT: The Kawasaki Ki-60 was an experimental fighter that used a license-built German Daimler-Benz (Kawasaki) DB 601 liquid-cooled engine. This was at that time an unusual choice because the majority of Japanese aircraft used air-cooled radial engines. The Ki-60 was designed by Kawasaki Aircraft Industries in response to a 1939 Imperial Japanese Army Aviation Bureau requirement for a heavily armed specialised interceptor fighter to be powered by the liquid-cooled Daimler-Benz DB 601 inverted V12 engine, which had been selected for license production by Kawasaki as the Ha-40. A requirement was issued at the same time for a lighter, less heavily armed, general-purpose fighter which was to be designed almost in parallel with the Ki-60; this became the Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien. Priority was to be given to the Ki-60, design of which started in February 1940. The first prototype of the Ki-60 emerged in March 1941 as a compact monoplane with a relatively deep fuselage and tapered wings with rounded tips built around a system of three spars. The pilot’s seat was mounted high over the rear spar, giving the fuselage a distinctive “humped” profile; the hood featured a framed, rear sliding canopy and an elongated rear transparent section. The main coolant radiator was housed in a long ventral bath under the wing center-section and central fuselage, while the oil cooler was mounted under the engine with a long air intake. The prototype was powered by an imported Daimler-Benz DB 601A as production of the Ha-40 had not yet started. Although a top speed of 370 mph had been projected the Ki-60 was only able to achieve 341 mph. By this time the Nakajima Ki-44 Hajabusa, which had also been designed as a dedicated interceptor, was beginning to show some promise and the Koku Hombu selected this in fulfilment of its requirements. From early 1941 the full attention was focused on the Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien, but the Ki-60 became important in that the Ki-61 design was able to be improved using the lessons learned from the poor characteristics of the Ki-60. Plans for production were cancelled in late 1941 after three airplanes had been built. (Ref.: 23)