POWER PLANT: Two Junkers Jumo 004B turbojet engines, rated at 900 kp each
PERFORMANCE: No data available
COMMENT: In early 1943 during a conference led by the RLM it was proposed to reconstruct a Messerschmitt Bf 109 into a jet powered fighter. Because the airframe of the Bf 109 was not suited for such a modification it was decided to use the fuselage of a Messerschmitt Me 109H high-altitude fighter, the undercarriage of the Messerschmitt Me 309, and the wing of the projected Messerschmitt Me 409. Nevertheless, soon it became clear that too many parts had to be changed so after two month the project was cancelled (Ref.: 19).
POWER PLANT: Two BMW 801D radial engines, rated at 1,750 hp each and two Junkers Jumo 003 turbo-jet engines, rated at 880 kp each
PERFORMANCE: 571 mph
COMMENT: This Blohm & Voss project from 1944 was designed as a general purpose/long-range fighter. The wing was straight and unswept, with the section between the two engine nacelles being thicker and having increased chord, to house the main wheels of the tricycle landing gear. Two BMW 801D radial engines were mounted at the forward end of the nacelles, and two Junkers Jumo 004 turbo-jet engines were located in the rear of the nacelles. Provision was made for use of other turbo-jet engines, e.g. BMW 003 (Bv P. 203.2) and Heinkel-Hirth HeS 011 (Bv P. 203.03) The aircraft was heavily armed including a remotely controlled twin MG 131 13mm machine guns in the tail firing to the rear. Due to the “Jägernotprogramm” (Fighter-emergency-programme) all work was cancelled (Ref: 23)
TYPE: Medium bomber. high-speed fighter bomber. Project.
ACCOMMODATION: Crew of two
POWER PLANT: Four Heinkel-Hirth He S 109-011, rated at 1,300 kp each
PERFORMANCE: 650 mph (estimated)
COMMENT: In 1944 the Heinkel-, Arado- and Messerschmitt Aircraft Companies proposed to the RLM designs of a medium bomber with high speed and high bomb load. Power units should be high performance piston engines, rated at 3,000 to 6,000 hp, turbojet engines with more than 2,500 kp thrust, or turboprops with more than 6,500 hp. In summary all designs were ahead of the times, including high-speed profiles, variable-sweep wings up to 60 degrees and high subsonic speed.
Messerschmitt proposed the project Me P.1101/101, a design out of a whole series of developments with the designation Me P.1101. It featured a long, tapered fuselage and was powered by four Heinkel-Hirth He S 109-011 turbo engines , two mounted below the nose and two at the tail. Armaments were to consist of four MK 108 30mm cannons in the nose plus remote-controlled turrets, and a bomb load of 3.000 kg. The designs most distinguishing features were its swing-wings, which would allow it to land on short runways while accelerating to near supersonic speeds during interception missions. However, like so many ambitious aircraft projects during this period, the Me.P.1101/101 never made it past the design stage. (Ref.:14)
POWER PLANT:Two BMW 801E radial engines, rated at 1,550 hp each
PERFORMANCE: 400 mph at 19, 685 ft (estimated)
COMMENT: In 1942 Heinkel Aircraft Company was working on concepts for a new multi-purpose aircraft, able to fulfill different operational duties. Seven designs were elaborated that differed in many aspects.
Four designs, proposed as ”Versions I”, were competitors of the Junker Ju 288. He P. 1065 Ia was a two-engine bomber or heavy fighter, powered by two BMW 801E, rated at 1,555 hp each or two Junkers Jumo 222C engines, rated at 2,600 hp each. “Version Ib” was a somewhat different bomber and powered by two Junkers Jumo 222C engines, rated at 2,100 hp each. All designs had tail units with twin fins and rudders. He P. 1065 Ic was a twin-engine fast bomber design, powered by two Daimler-Benz DB 609 engines, rated at 2,270 hp each and conventional tail fin and rudder. The design was forerunner of what was projected as Heinkel He 319 V1.
Heinkel He P. 1065 IIc was an asymmetric low wing airplane, comparable to the Blohm & Voss Bv 141, proposed as a fighter bomber and powered by either BMW 803, rated at 3,500 hp or Daimler-Benz DB 619 engines, rated at 4,540 hp.
Finally, “Version III”, was a further development of the Heinkel He 119 as a fast bomber. He P. 1065 IIIb should be powered by one Daimler-Benz DB 619, rated at 4,450 hp and had a tail unit with twin fins and rudders. Heinkel He P. 1065 IIIc was powered by one Daimler-Benz DB 613, rated at 3,100 hp and had conventional tail fin and rudder. This project should be further developed into Heinkel He 519. None of the seven projects were realized (Ref.: 19)
TYPE: Medium bomber, long-range reconnaicance. Project.
ACCOMMODATION: Crew of four
POWER PLANT: Two BMW 801G engines, rated at 1,770 hp each
PERFORMANCE: 373 mph in 26, 247ft (estimated)
COMMENT: In 1942 the RLM called for proposals for an “Arbeitsflugzeug” (“Work aircraft” or general-purpose aircraft) used as horizontal- and dive-bomber, torpedo and missile-carrier as well as long-range reconnaissance. Invited were aircraft companies such as Blohm & Voss, Dornier, Heinkel, and Junkers. Blohm & Voss presented the Bv P. 163, Heinkel the He P.1065, Junkers the Ju 88E (which later became the Ju 188), and Dornier the Do 417. In December 1942 the decision was made in favor of the Dornier design and the prototype Do 417 V1 was scheduled for first flight in August 1943. Mass production should start in April 1944. The Do 417 V1 was powered by a BMW 801G engine, while in the Do 417 V2 Daimler-Benz DB 603A engines should be installed. Finally, for production-reasons and because of higher speed the Junkers Ju 188 was favored for production. (Ref.: 17)
POWER PLANT: One Heinkel-Hirth HeS 011A turbojet, rated at 1,300 kp
PERFORMANCE: 565 mph at 19,685 ft (estimated)
COMMENT: The Heinkel he 162D was a parallel development to the Heinkel He 162C what was essentially similar but featured a swept-forward wing. There appeared to be certain advantages to be gained by sweeping the wing surfaces forward towards the tips, the critical Mach number being similar to that for an equal angle of sweepback but the tip stall tendency being removed and thus permitting higher taper ratios in both planform and thickness.
Swept-forward wings were also tested or designed in Germany by Junkers with Ju 287, EF 122, 125, EF 131, by Blohm & Voss with Bv P.209.02, and in the United States with Cornelius XFG-1 fuel-transport glider.
Neither the Heinkel He 162C nor the He 162D took-off into the air. But when the Heinkel factory at Schwechat, Austria, was occupied by Allied troops, a half-completed prototype for the Heinkel-Hirth HeS 0114A-powered B- model was found, this having interchangeable swept-back (He 162C) and swept-forward wings (He 162D). (Ref.: 7)
POWER PLANT: One Heinkel-Hirth HeS-0114A turbojet, rated at 1,300 kp
PERFORMANCE: 565 mph at 19,658 ft (estimated)
COMMENT: Progressive development of the basic Heinkel He 162 design led to the He 162C. This project utilized the B-series fuselage and the more powerful Heinkel-Hirth HeS 011A turbojet, had wings swept back 38 degrees at the leading edge, and a V-type or “butterfly” tail. This latter was tested by the He 280 V8. The new wing featured a coarse anhedral angle from two-thirds span.
The He 162C was envisaged as a target-defence interceptor and it was proposed to equip the fighter with a variation of “Schräge Musik” (Jazz music, Luftwaffe term for fixed weapons firing obliquely upward) with a pair of 30-mm MK 103 cannon on special mountings enabling them to be tilted upwards at a fine angle from the horizontal. This enabled the guns to be fired while the fighter underflew the target.
The He 162C project was not realized, but when the Heinkel factory at Schwechat, Austria, was occupied by Allied troops, a half-completed prototype for the Heinkel-Hirth HeS 0114A-powered model was found, this having interchangeable swept-back (He 162C) and swept-forward wings (He 162D). (Ref.: 7)
POWER PLANT: One Argus Ar 044 pulse jet, rated at 500 kp thust
PERFORMANCE: 410 mph at 9,850 ft
COMMENT: In November 1944, the RLM issued a requirement for a very simple, rapidly produced small fighter aircraft. This Miniaturjäger (Miniature Fighter) program was to use the simplest and cheapest power plant available, and to have the minimum of strategic materials and practically no electrical equipment. As power unit the Argus Ar 014 or Ar 044 was proposed and the Miniaturjäger was to take-off – rocket assisted with two Schmidding 109-533 solid-fuel rockets, rated at 1,000 kp thrust for 12 sec each – and land conventionally. Only three firms participated in this design competition, Heinkel He 162B Single Argus, Junkers EF 126 and Blohm & Voss Bv P.213. As the best design the Junkers EF 126 Lilly was selected but in December 1944 the Miniaturjäger-program was cancelled. (Ref.: 7)
Heinkel He 162B Single Argus
Heinkel He 162B Single Argus
Heinkel He 162B Single Argus
Heinkel He 162B Single Argus
Heinkel He 162B Single Argus
Heinkel He 162B Single Argus
Heinkel He 162B Single Argus
Heinkel He 162B Single Argus
Heinkel He 162B Single Argus
Heinkel He 162B Single Argus
Heinkel He 162B Single Argus
Heinkel He 162B Single Argus
Heinkel He 162B Single Argus and Heinkel He 162B Twin Argus
POWER PLANT: Two Argus As 014 pulse jets, rated at 333 kp thrust each
PERFORMANCE: 484 mph at 9,850 ft (estimated)
COMMENT: From the outset of the He 162 programme, the Heinkel team had envisaged the eventual use of the Heinkel-Hirth 011A (HeS 11A) turbojet in the He 162 aircraft as the He 162B-1. Possessing a similar structure to that of the A-series fighter, the He 162B had a lengthened fuselage which permitted an increase of internal fuel capacity. Due to the slow production rate of that engine, in early 1945 the Nazi Party Leader Saur’s Fighter Air Staff requested proposals for the adaptation of the He 162 to take the Argus-Röhre, a simple pulse jets or intermittent propulsive ducts. Heinkel as well as the RLM’s Technische Amt found that the Argus-Röhren were totally unsuited for fighter installation. But nevertheless, project studies were started by adapting a He 162B-series airframe to take either one or two Argus-Rohr units. The first arrangement called for the two Argus-Röhren As 014 with 333 kp thust each to be mounted side-by-side over the rear fuselage. Apart from excessive vibration the aircraft needed two Schmidding 109-533 solid-fuel take-off rockets with 1,000kp thrust for 12 sec. each. The high fuel consumption of the pulse jet militated against its used as a “Volksjäger power plant. As Heinkel had little enthusiasm for the Argus-Rohr-powered He 162, this programme advanced no further than the drawing board. (Ref.: 7)
Heinkel He 162B (Twin Argus)
Heinkel He 162B (Twin Argus)
Heinkel He 162B (Twin Argus)
Heinkel He 162B (Twin Argus)
Heinkel He 162B (Twin Argus)
Heinkel He 162B (Twin Argus)
Heinkel He 162B (Twin Argus) and Heinkel He 162B (Single Argus)
POWER PLANT: One BMW 003E-1 turbojet, rated at 800 kp
PERFORMANCE: 521 mph at 19,690 ft
COMMENT: The so-called “Volksjäger (Peoples Fighter) project was started on September 8th, 1944 when the basic project requirements were issued by the Technisches Amt des RLM (Technical Office of the State Ministry of Aviation) and the Jägerstab (Fighter Staff) to several aircraft companies as Arado, Blohm & Voss, Fieseler, Focke-Wulf, Heinkel, Messerschmitt, and Junkers. It was envisaged a simple, inexpensive fighter, suitable for quantity production from easy-available materials by semi-skilled and unskilled labour. The Volksjäger was to be powered by a single BMW 003 “Sturm” (“Storm”) turbojet and had to be ready for mass production by January 1st, 1945.
Messerschmitt had refused to submit any proposal and nearly all other designs – e. g. Arado E 580, Junkers EF 123 – were found unsuitable. Only Blohm & Voss’s project Bv P.211 being adjudged the best of those submitted. On September 19th, a further conference was held at which all proposals were reviewed. This time the Siebel Aircraft Company took part instead of Messerschmitt. Again it was decided that the Blohm & Voss contender, the Bv P.211, was superior in every respect to all other contenders. But after misunderstandings and disputes it was decided that the Heinkel design He P.1073 was best suited for the future Volksjäger. Immediately construction of the P.1073 began, work on detailed drawings in parallel. In October 1944 the design was redesignated as He 162, code name “Spatz” (“Sparrow”). Orders were given for immediate quantity production with an output of 1,000 aircraft monthly. Within 90 days the He 162 was conceived, designed, built and flown. The first unit to train on the He 162 was the I Gruppe/JG 1. Only 320 He 162 were built before the end of the hostilities, 800 more had reached advanced stages of assembly. There are no veritable reports that the He 162 was involved in combat. (Ref.: 7)
Heinkel He 162A-2 “Spatz” (“Sparrow”), Stabsstaffel JG 1
Heinkel He 162A-2 “Spatz” (“Sparrow”), Stabsstaffel JG 1
Heinkel He 162A-2 “Spatz” (“Sparrow”), Stabsstaffel JG 1
Heinkel He 162A-2 “Spatz” (“Sparrow”), Stabsstaffel JG 1
Heinkel He 162A-2 “Spatz” (“Sparrow”), Stabsstaffel JG 1
Heinkel He 162A-2 “Spatz” (“Sparrow”), Stabsstaffel JG 1
Heinkel He 162A-2 “Spatz” (“Sparrow”), Stabsstaffel JG 1
Heinkel He 162A-2 “Spatz” (“Sparrow”), Stabsstaffel JG 1
Heinkel He 162A-2 “Spatz” (“Sparrow”), Stabsstaffel JG 1
Heinkel He 162A-2 “Spatz” (“Sparrow”), Stabsstaffel JG 1
Heinkel He 162A-2 “Spatz” (“Sparrow”), Stabsstaffel JG 1
Heinkel He 162A-2 “Spatz” (“Sparrow”), Stabsstaffel JG 1
Scale 1:72 aircraft models of World War II
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